The International Enforcement Law Reporter

The International Enforcement Law Reporter is a monthly print and online journal covering news and trends in international enforcement law.

Since September 1985, the International Enforcement Law Reporter has analyzed the premier developments in both the substantive and procedural aspects of international enforcement law. Read by practitioners, academics, and politicians, the IELR is a valuable guide to the difficult and dynamic field of international law.

U.S. Attorney for Southern District of New York Unseals Indictment against Bulgarian Woman Extradited to the U.S. for Role in Multi-Billion-Dollar Cryptocurrency Pyramid Scheme

Friday, March 31, 2023
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
4
Abstract: 

On March 21, 2023, U.S. law enforcement officials announced the unsealing of charges against Irina Dilkinska relating to her participation in the massive OneCoin fraud scheme.[1]  OneCoin, which started operations  in 2014 and was headquartered in Sofia, Bulgaria, marketed and sold a fraudulent cryptocurrency called OneCoin through a global multi-level-marketing (“MLM”) network.  The marketing and misrepresentations tricked victims into investing over $4 billion worldwide in fraudulent cryptocurrency.  On March 20, Bulgaria extradited Dilkinska from Bulgaria and she was presented to U.S. Magistrate Judge Sarah Netburn the following day.[2]



[1]    United States v. Irina Dilkinska, U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y., S14 17 Cr. 630 (ER), Sealed Superseding Indictment.

[2]    Id. para. 2.  U.S. Attorney Office, SDNY, Bulgarian Woman for Role in Multi-Billion-Dollar Cryptocurrency Pyramid Scheme “OneCoin” and Extradited from Bulgaria to the United States,  Press Rel. 23-108, Mar. 21, 2023.

 

Finnish Court Conducts Appeals Trial in Liberia Against Accused War Criminal

Wednesday, March 22, 2023
Author: 
Alex Mostaghimi
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
3
Abstract: 

On January 31, a Finnish Appeals Court arrived in Liberia to begin a trial against Sierra Leonean rebel commander Gibril Massaquoi.  A lower Finish Court acquitted Massaquoi of war crimes and crimes against humanity, but this appeals trial will take place in Liberia because many of the witnesses were unable to travel to Finland.

Guatemala Extradites Alleged Human Smugglers to the United States

Wednesday, March 22, 2023
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
4
Abstract: 

On March 16, 2023, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the first ever extraditions from Guatemala to the U.S. on charges of human smuggling resulting in death and the first Guatemalan extraditions to the U.S. for  human smuggling of any kind in nearly five years.[1]



[1]    U.S. Department of Justice, Justice Department Announces Historic Guatemalan Human Smuggling Extraditions at Joint Task Force Alpha Summit, Pres Rel. 23-296, March 16, 2023.

 

ICC Issues Arrest Warrant for Putin for Deportation of Ukrainian Children

Wednesday, March 22, 2023
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
4
Abstract: 

On March 17, Pre-Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, the President of the Russian Federation  and Ms. Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova, Commissioner for Children’s Rights in the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, for committing the war crime of unlawful deportation of children and unlawful transfer of children from occupied areas of Ukraine to the Russian Federation under articles 8(2)(a)(vii) and 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute. 

 

UN Commission Finds Wide Range of War Crimes by Russian Forces in Ukraine

Wednesday, March 22, 2023
Author: 
Michael Plachta
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
4
Abstract: 

On March 15, 2023, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine released its final report outlining the main findings since the outset of its mandate.[1]



* Professor Plachta specializes in criminal law and international criminal law. He has authored numerous publication on a wide range of problems concerning law enforcement and international cooperation in criminal matters. He currently teaches criminal law and European criminal law at the University of Security in Poznan, Poland.

[1] Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, March 15, 2023, A/HRC/52/62.

 

 

U.S. and Europol Takedown Darknet Cryptocurrency Mixer

Friday, March 17, 2023
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
3
Abstract: 

On March 15, 2023, the United States Department of Justice, Europol, and the German Federal Criminal Police (the Bundeskriminalamt) cooperated in taking down ChipMixer, a darknet cryptocurrency “mixing” service responsible for laundering more than $3 billion worth of cryptocurrency between 2017 and the present.  Among its activities, ChipMixer allegedly engaged in ransomware, the darknet market, fraud, cryptocurrency heists, and other hacking schemes. The operation involved U.S. federal enforcement’s court-authorized seizure of two domains that directed users to the ChipMixer service and one Github account, as well as the German Federal Criminal Police’s seizure of the ChipMixer back-end servers and more than $46 million in cryptocurrency.[1]  Europol supported Germany and the U.S. in the law enforcement operations.[2]



[1]    U.S. Department of Justice, Justice Department Investigation Leads to Takedown of Darknet Cryptocurrency Mixer that Processed Over $3 Billion of Unlawful Transactions, Press Release 23-289, Mar. 15, 2023.

[2]   Europol, One of the darkweb’s largest cryptocurrency launderomats washed out, Press Rel., Mar. 15, 2023.

 

Equatorial Guinea’s Vice Presidents Assets Seized To Compensate Damage Awards to Torture Victim

Friday, March 17, 2023
Author: 
Alex Mostaghimi
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
3
Abstract: 

On February 13, a South African court ordered the seizure of a superyacht and two palatial homes owned by Equatorial Guinea's Vice President Teodoro Nguema Obiang.  The suit which drove the seizure was brought by South African businessman Daniel Janse van Rensburg who was unexpectedly arrested and imprisoned while on a short business trip to Equatorial Guinea in 2013.[1]



[1] Equatorial Guinea Vice-President’s Superyacht and Homes Seized in South Africa, BBC, February 13, 2023.

 

English High Court Deny Abraaj Founder’s Efforts to Stop Extradition to U.S. for Fraud

Friday, March 17, 2023
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
3
Abstract: 

On March 8, 2023, an English High Court rejected final efforts of Arif Naqvi, the founder of a failed private equity firm, to block his extradition from the United Kingdom to the United States for alleged fraud and money laundering.[1]



[1]    Naqvi v. The Government of the United States, case number CO/1205/2021, Administrative Court, Queen’s Bench Division of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales.

 

Swiss Prosecute Bankers for Assisting Putin’s Strawman

Friday, March 17, 2023
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
3
Abstract: 

On March 8, 2023, a trial started in which Swiss prosecutors are prosecuting four banking executives for allegedly managing accounts that assisted move millions of dollars of money belonging to Russian president Vladimir Putin.[1]



[1]    Nick Cumming-Bruce, Swiss Bankers Are Charged With Aiding Putin Ally, N.Y. Times, March 9, 2023.

 

LM Ericsson Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay $206M for Violation of 2019 FCPA DPA

Friday, March 10, 2023
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
39
Issue: 
3
Abstract: 

On March 2, 2023, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (Ericsson), a multinational telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm Sweden has agreed to plead guilty and pay a criminal penalty of more than $206 million after violating a 2019 Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA).

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